KAZALCI OKOLJA

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Key message
Neutral

Slovenia reported one to three waterborne outbreaks per year. In period, 2009–2019 Slovenia reported no outbreaks, except in 2009, 2015, and 2017-2019. In these waterborne outbreaks, 5 to 355 cases were reported. In about half of the waterborne outbreaks, the causative agent wasn´t identified, in others outbreaks the following causative pathogens was confirmed in patients: Cryptosporidium parvum, Escherichia coli, rotavirus, norovirus, Bacillus cereus, Campylobacter jejuni, Salmonella Typhimurium.


This indicator shows the number of received reports of infections of the gastrointestinal tract that can be transmitted via drinking water. The source of infection is microbiological (via faeces) contamination of drinking water; consequently, the indicator is a sign of drinking water quality.

An outbreak attributable to water is the occurrence of a infectious disease transmitted via contaminated drinking water that is greater than would otherwise be expected at a particular time and place and in the number of affected individuals; as well, at least two people will show similar clinical symptoms and an epidemiological picture shows that water is a probable source of infection. Outbreaks are sudden and affect individuals using drinking water from the same source or area. The disease may affect all age groups. Outbreaks are not season-related, although they may be influenced by meteorological conditions (abundant rain, snow melt) and disruptions in the treatment and distribution of drinking water as well as by management of water protection areas and compliance with protection regimes within such areas.


Charts

Figure ZD04-1: Number of waterborne disease outbreaks associated with contaminated drinking water, Slovenia, 2010-2019
Sources: 

NIJZ (IVZ), 2009-2019 (20. 11. 2020)

Show data

Celje [No.]

Koper [No.]

Kranj [No.]

Ljubljana [No.]

Maribor [No.]

Murska Sobota [No.]

Nova Gorica [No.]

Novo mesto [No.]

Ravne na Koroškem [No.]

Total [No.]

2009

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

2010

0

0

0

1

0

0

0

0

0

1

2011

0

0

1

1

1

0

0

0

0

3

2012

0

0

0

1

0

0

0

0

0

1

2013

0

0

1

0

0

0

0

0

0

1

2014

0

0

0

1

0

0

0

0

0

1

2015

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

2016

0

0

0

1

0

0

0

0

1

2

2017

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

2018

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

2019

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

Figure ZD04-2: Number of cases in waterborne disease outbreaks, Slovenia, 2010-2019
Sources: 

NIJZ (IVZ), 2009-2019 (20. 11. 2020)

Show data

Celje[No.]

Koper[No.]

Kranj[No.]

Ljubljana[No.]

Maribor[No.]

Murska Sobota[No.]

Nova Gorica[No.]

Novo mesto[No.]

Ravne na Koroškem[No.]

Total[No.]

2009

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

2010

0

0

0

52

0

0

0

0

0

52

2011

0

0

91

152

20

0

0

0

0

263

2012

0

0

0

44

0

0

0

0

0

44

2013

0

0

9

0

0

0

0

0

0

9

2014

0

0

0

5

0

0

0

0

0

5

2015

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

2016

0

0

0

50

0

0

0

0

355

405

2017

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

2018

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

2019

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

Figure ZD04-3: Percentage of all gastrointestinal illnesses (GI) where etiologic agent was not identified, among all  reported GI and percentage of all gastrointestinal illness (GI) where etiologic agent was not identified, among all reported communicable diseases, Slovenia, 2010-2019
Sources: 

NIJZ (IVZ), 2009-2019 (20. 11. 2020)

Show data

Percentage of infectious diarrhoea (ICD10: A09, A04.9, A05.9, A08.4) with unconfirmed agent to all reported infectious diarrhoea[%]

Percentage of infectious diarrhoea (ICD10: A09, A04.9, A05.9, A08.4) with unconfirmed agent to all reported contagious infectious diarrhoea[%]

2009

71.10

19.80

2010

69.80

22.90

2011

69.90

21.40

2012

72.90

20.40

2013

70.30

19.70

2014

70.50

21.90

2015

66

25

2016

63.50

23.30

2017

65

24.70

2018

0

0

2019

0

0

Figure ZD04-4: Number of waterborne disease outbreaks in some EU countries, 2008-2013
Sources: 

WHO, 2015 (20. 11. 2020)

Show data
2008[No.]2009[No.]2010[No.]2011[No.]2012[No.]2013[No.]2008-2013[No.]
Austria11
Belgium112
Denmark1214
Finland1162212
France3418
Greece123
Hungary11
Ireland341311224
Poland134
Slovenia113117
Spain224
Sweden12519
United Kingdom112
Figure ZD04-5: Number of cases, waterborne outbreaks in some EU countries, 2008-2013
Sources: 

WHO, 2015 (20. 11. 2020)

Show data
2008[No.]2009[No.]2010[No.]2011[No.]2012[No.]2013[No.]2008-2013[No.]
Austria22
Belgium3000643064
Denmark5008001831483
Finland1911778245214745
France2645677
Greece60631691
Hunagry597597
Ireland14850255426177
Poland66773
Slovenia17052263449538
Spain101828
Sweden2000177137552000035932
United Kingdom443983

Goals

  • To provide access to safe drinking water and adequate water treatment to all inhabitants of Slovenia.
  • To improve the microbiological quality of drinking water in Slovenia, especially with regard to faecal pollution and particularly in small systems and areas with karst drinking water sources, which are classified as surface drinking water sources from the perspective of public health.
  • It is essential that an overall management strategy is im-plemented in which multiple barriers, including source water protection and appropriate treatment processes, as well as protection during storage and distribution, are used in conjunction with disinfection to prevent or remove microbial contamination.
  • To ensure, early-as-possible detection, information, management and reduction of the number of cases of outbreaks of waterborne acute gastroenterocolitis of unknown etiology;
  • To analyse causes and eliminate mistakes in treatment and management of outbreaks on the basis of experience. In each outbreak, efforts should be made to improve treatment and management methods, which should serve as useful experience in the future.