The data for Slovenia shows that in the past five years, one infant died due to respiratory diseases, specifically in 2021, representing 11.1% of all infant deaths in that year. Research has indicated that air pollution is associated with higher infant mortality rates due to respiratory diseases. However, this relationship is complex, as it is also influenced by other factors such as the presence of allergens, exposure to cigarette smoke, diet, and lifestyle.

Asthma is the most common chronic disease among children and one of the major causes of hospitalization to the age of fifteen. In 2019, in EU countries, the share of people reporting asthma was 5,7 %, and for Slovenia it was 4,8 %.  In the period 2017-2021, the municipalities of Kostel, Kobilje and Cankova stood out in terms of the number of hospitalizations for asthma. Recent evidences support relationship between exposure to air pollution and exacerbation of asthma, mainly due to exposure to particulate matter (PM₁₀).

In Slovenian larger cities, in 2021, 35% of children (0-14 years old) in larger cities were exposed to concentrations of 0-20 µg PM₁₀/m³ and 65% of children (0-14 years) in larger cities were exposed to concentrations of 20-30 µg PM₁₀/m³. In Europe, most children live in an environment where PM₁₀ concentrations are below 26 µg/m³.

In Slovenia, between 2012 and 2022, 1 to 3 waterborne outbreaks were reported annually, except in the years 2015 and 2017–2020, when no outbreaks were reported. In individual outbreaks, between 3 and 355 cases were reported. In about half of these outbreaks, the causative agent was not identified. Confirmed causative agents included Cryptosporidium parvum, Escherichia coli, rotavirus, norovirus, Bacillus cereus, Campylobacter jejuni, Salmonella Typhimurium, and Francisella tularensis.

In Slovenia, in 2022, drinking water monitoring (quality monitoring) was conducted for 93.8% of the population at the point of use (user's tap) across drinking water supply systems or within 863 supply zones that served 50 or more inhabitants. This also included 26 smaller supply areas that provided water to public facilities and facilities involved in the production and distribution of foodstuffs.

According to the state of epiphytic lichens, the preservation of forests and air quality is poor in the entire territory of the Republic of Slovenia, except in forests at higher altitude in the Alps and partially in the Dinaric mountain range.

In recent years, cadmium and lead concentrations in the kidneys and livers of roe deer has decreased below the level of toxic concentrations that could have a direct adverse effect on the health of the individuals of this species. Nevertheless, cadmium concentrations in the internal organs of roe deer exceed the admissible concentration determined by law in many areas of Slovenia (taking into consideration the suitability for human consumption).

Acidification of forests represents a potential danger only in the non-hydrocarbon part of Slovenia, especially in the east of the country. According to rough estimates, the critical loads occur particularly in the wider area of both major thermals (Zasavje, Celjska kotlina and Šaleška dolina). Excessive eutrophication of forests for deposition from the air does not take looming forest areas in Slovenia.

Higher levels of heavy metals and nitrogen are observed around the urbanized areas, industrial regions and around thermal power plants. The reason for elevated levels at the western part of Slovenia is transboundary transport of air pollutants from the Po Valley in Italy, however at the eastern part might be transit traffic and agricultural activity. A decrease of heavy metals and nitrogen in mosses is observed in Slovenia since 1995.

Leukemia is the most common children cancer. It represents 25 to 30% of all new diagnosed cancer cases in children younger than 15 years in the world. Causal mechanisms for the occurrence of leukemia in children are poorly known, but it is often referred connection with environmental risk factors. Data from European cancer registries indicate that the incidence rate of childhood leukemia between 1970 and 1999 grew on average by 0.7% per annum in the last twenty years has been 1% per year, mostly in countries with higher economic status (SES).