Concentrations of lead in blood, urine and breast milk in Slovenia are relatively low and comparable to data cited in foreign literature. However, due to the proven neurotoxic effects of lead at concentrations lower than 50 µg/L of blood, there is currently no established safe exposure limit. In order to establish and maintain the lowest practically achievable burden of lead exposure for the population, it is reasonable to implement measures in addition to regular monitoring, targeting vulnerable groups such as children and women of reproductive age.

Air pollution is the most important environmental risk factor for human health, affecting an average of 400,000 premature deaths in the EU and costing Europeans an average of more than € 166 billion a year. In the case of the cities of Ljubljana and Maribor, external costs amount to almost EUR 271 million annually. Estimation of external costs of air pollution from transport is slightly decreasing.