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[ZD18] Mortality due to respiratory diseases 
Key message
One of the main reasons of mortality due to respiratory diseases is chronic pulmonary disease (COPD). The highest mortality rate due to respiratory diseases in Slovenia is in Zasavje and Pomurje regions and the lowest in Central-Slovenian region (2011–2017). Mortality due to respiratory diseases is decreasing; in the period 1999 to 2017 it decreased by 16.2% from 74/100.000 inhabitants to 62/100.000 inhabitants.
Definition
This indicator shows mortality due to respiratory diseases, which is subject to various risk factors, including polluted indoor or outdoor air. However, identification of links is not simple. Nutrition, lifestyle and other environmental and social factors can be important. Mortality due to respiratory diseases is an indicator enabling indirect assessment of exposure to adverse environmental health factors.
Charts
National Institute of Public health, 2000–2017; Statistical office of the Republic of Slovenia, 2000–2017
Eastern Slovenia[number of deaths/100.000 residents] | West Slovenia[number of deaths/100.000 residents] | Slovenia[number of deaths/100.000 residents] | |
|---|---|---|---|
1999 | 88.70 | 66.60 | 78.60 |
2000 | 77.50 | 69.60 | 73.90 |
2001 | 69 | 65 | 67.20 |
2002 | 74.50 | 65.80 | 70.50 |
2003 | 84.80 | 71.40 | 78.60 |
2004 | 80.10 | 64.90 | 73.11 |
2005 | 75.30 | 63.50 | 69.91 |
2006 | 64.20 | 58.50 | 61.60 |
2007 | 54.80 | 49.60 | 52.40 |
2008 | 59.70 | 52.30 | 56.20 |
2009 | 70.41 | 59.86 | 61.84 |
2010 | 69.86 | 53.29 | 54.61 |
2011 | 68.44 | 52.60 | 58.32 |
2012 | 75.64 | 65.49 | 67.40 |
2013 | 76.97 | 59.65 | 64.83 |
2014 | 68.68 | 50.19 | 55.88 |
2015 | 68.85 | 59.39 | 63.30 |
2016 | 69.22 | 55.64 | 61.33 |
2017 | 69.40 | 53.61 | 61.90 |
National Institute of Public health, 2000–2017
Gorenjska [number of deaths/100.000 residents] | Goriška [number of deaths/100.000 residents] | Jugovzhodna Slovenija [number of deaths/100.000 residents] | Koroška [number of deaths/100.000 residents] | Primorsko-notranjska [number of deaths/100.000 residents] | Obalno-kraška [number of deaths/100.000 residents] | Osrednjeslovenska [number of deaths/100.000 residents] | Podravska [number of deaths/100.000 residents] | Pomurska [number of deaths/100.000 residents] | Savinjska [number of deaths/100.000 residents] | Posavska [number of deaths/100.000 residents] | Zasavska [number of deaths/100.000 residents] | Slovenia [number of deaths/100.000 residents] | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
average 2008-2012 | 52.89 | 63.53 | 62.86 | 64.77 | 87.78 | 69.19 | 46.84 | 55.74 | 73.80 | 72.95 | 50.79 | 85.74 | 59.67 |
average 2013-2017 | 51.22 | 66.91 | 60.79 | 67.37 | 73.01 | 64.88 | 45.09 | 66.16 | 83.05 | 79.61 | 55.43 | 77.33 | 61.47 |
EUROSTAT, 2017
Mortality rate | 2013 | 2014 |
|---|---|---|
EU | 82.50 | 78.30 |
Belgium | 109.18 | 95.70 |
Bolgaria | 53.76 | 58.10 |
Czech Republic | 81.96 | 73.40 |
Denmark | 127.54 | 115.70 |
Germany | 76.82 | 68 |
Estonia | 42.59 | 43.80 |
Ireland | 131.27 | 125.90 |
Greece | 95.71 | 108.10 |
Spain | 91.74 | 91.70 |
France | 56.45 | 52 |
Croatia | 57.80 | 59.70 |
Italy | 60.29 | 58.30 |
Ciprus | 84.32 | 86.20 |
Latvia | 43.07 | 35.90 |
Lithuania | 51.97 | 42.10 |
Luxembourg | 72.84 | 63.80 |
Hungry | 81.32 | 78.60 |
Malta | 113.66 | 96.60 |
Netherlands | 90.11 | 74.10 |
Austria | 50.53 | 46.60 |
Poland | 79.80 | 69.10 |
Portugal | 123.70 | 116.70 |
Romania | 75.65 | 78.40 |
Slovenia | 80.41 | 66.30 |
Slovakia | 86.05 | 74.90 |
Finland | 36.45 | 34.40 |
Sweden | 64.24 | 58.10 |
United Kingdom | 144.21 | 130.90 |
Slovenian Environment Agency, 2015
Number of deaths [number of deaths] | Total mortality - existing pollution [] | Reduction of total mortality (%) if PM2,5 pollution was lower than 5 µg/m3 [proportion] | Life extension (in years) if PM2,5 pollution was lower than 5 µg/m3 [years] | Reduction of total mortality (%) if PM2,5 pollution was lower than 10 µg/m3 [proportion] | Life extension (in years) if PM2,5 pollution was lower than 10 µg/m3 [years] | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Celje | 440 | 12.90 | 3 | 0.30 | 6.60 | 0.80 |
Kranj | 415 | 11.20 | 2.90 | 0.30 | 4.60 | 0.60 |
Ljubljana | 2255 | 11.90 | 2.90 | 0.40 | 4.70 | 0.60 |
Maribor | 1227 | 15.60 | 2.90 | 0.30 | 5.90 | 0.70 |
Murska Sobota | 217 | 15.60 | 2.80 | 0.30 | 5.50 | 0.60 |
Nova Gorica | 337 | 14.80 | 3 | 0.30 | 4.20 | 0.50 |
Novo mesto | 320 | 13.40 | 2.80 | 0.30 | 5.60 | 0.60 |
Hrastnik | 102 | 14.60 | 12.90 | 0.40 | 3.90 | 0.50 |
Trbovlje | 183 | 15.10 | 2.70 | 0.30 | 7.10 | 0.80 |
Zagorje | 190 | 16.50 | 2.60 | 0.30 | 6.80 | 0.90 |
Koper | 399 | 12.50 | 2.80 | 0.30 | 3.80 | 0.30 |
Velenje | 245 | 11.90 | 2.90 | 0.20 | 3.30 | 0.20 |
Goals
- Measures to promote efficient energy use and renewable energy sources in heating of buildings (district heating and gas supply; measures in the field of household heating devices; local energy concepts; provision of information and encouragement of the reduction of heat loss in buildings; accurate register of small combustion installations).
- Measures in the field of transport (Implementation of transport policies in cities – more walking and cycling, increased use of public transport, restrictions on the use of cars; traffic management on state roads and in city areas; measures to reduce pollution from vehicles used in public passenger transport, public utility services and city administration by introducing cleaner vehicles; promotion of electric mobility; measures to reduce from roads).
- Measures in other fields (introduction of environmental management systems; reduction of fugitive emissions; reduction of dust from landfills, construction sites and road surfaces of corporate entities; expanding green areas in cities; setting up an air quality website; education/raising awareness about air quality).
Methodology
- ARSO - Agencija RS za okolje (2015). Kakovost zraka v Sloveniji v letu 2014. Ljubljana, ARSO. Dostopno na: http://www.arso.gov.si/zrak/kakovost%20zraka/poro%C4%8Dila%20in%20publikacije/porocilo_2014.pdf
- Clinch JP, Healy JD (2000). Housing standards and excess winter mortality. J Epidemiol Community Health 2000; 54:719-720.
- Council Directive 1999/30/EC of 22 April 1999 relating to limit values for sulphur dioxide, nitrogen and oxides of nitrogen, particulate matter and lead in ambient air. Available at http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/SL/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:31999L0030&.... (accessed 7. Oct. 2016).
- Directives 2008/50/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21 May 2008 on ambient air quality and cleaner air for Europe. Official Journal of the European Union, Vol. 51, 11 June 2008. Dostopno na: http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/SL/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32008L0050&from=EN.
- EUROSTAT (2017). Causes of death statistics. Dostopno na: http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php/Causes_of_death_statistics
- Hajat S, Armstrong B, Wilkinson P, Busby A, Dolk H (2007). Outdoor air pollution and infant mortality: analysis of daily time-series data in Ten English Cities. J Epidemiol Community Health 61:719- 22.
- Hawker JI, Olowokure B, Sufi F, Weinberg J, Gill N, Wilson RC (2003). Social deprivation and hospital admission for respiratory infection: an ecological study. Respiratory Medicine 97 (11): 1219-1224.
- Healy JD (2002). Excess winter mortality in Europe: a cross country analysis identifying key risk factors. J Epidemiol Community Health 2003;57:784-789.
- NIJZ - Nacionalni inštitut za javno zdravje (2000-2017). Zdravniško poročilo o umrli osebi. Ljubljana, NIJZ.
- NIEHS - National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (2007). Air pollution and Respiratory diseases.
- SURS - Statistični urad Republike Slovenije (2000-2017). Prebivalstvo po statističnih regijah. Ljubljana, 2000-2017.
- Stewart L, Saunders P, Kemm J (2008). Children‘s Environment and Health Action Plan (CEHAP): Pilot Environmental Health Indicators ToolkitConsultation Document
- United Nations Regional Information Centre for Western Europe (2010). Twenty years of environmental and health in Europe: trends and gaps. Dostopno na: http://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0013/103513/544E_FS-ParmaOpening.pdf?ua=1.
- Vlada RS (2009). Operativni program varstva zunanjega zraka pred onesnaževanjem s PM10 (Vlada RS; EVA2009-2511-0021), z dne 3. 11. 2009. Dostopno na: http://www.mop.gov.si/fileadmin/mop.gov.si/pageuploads/zakonodaja/varstvo_okolja/operativni_programi/op_onesnazevanje_pm10.pdf.
- WHO – World Health Organization (2006). Air quality guidelines. Global update 2005. Particulate matter, ozone, nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide. Dostopno na: http://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0005/78638/E90038.pdf.
- Zakon o zbirkah podatkov s področja zdravstvenega varstva. Uradni list RS, št. 65/00, 47/15 in 31/18.
