The estimated value of external transport costs in 2021 is approximately 2.4 billion euros, accounting for 4.6% of Slovenia's GDP. The majority (99%) of these costs are attributed to road traffic, while only 1% is attributed to rail traffic. Two-thirds of external costs arise from passenger traffic, with the remaining one-third from freight traffic. Notably, a third of the external costs of transport are associated with traffic accidents, followed by costs related to congestion (20%), climate change (18%), air pollution (16%), damage to habitats (7%), and noise (6%).
External costs of transport, also known as marginal social costs, refer to the negative impacts of transport on society. The user of the transport system, who caused them, does not bear these costs. The primary categories of these costs include traffic accidents, local and global air pollution. Noise and congestion can also play a significant role, especially in specific circumstances, such as urban traffic. In contrast, internal costs of transport are fully covered by the individual user of the transport system. This includes the costs of purchasing and maintaining a vehicle, fuel, tolls, taxes, time spent, etc. Total transport social costs encompass both external and internal costs (EEA, 2002). For the purpose of comparability with other countries, external transport costs are expressed in millions of euros and as a share of GDP. The indicator provides an assessment of external costs in Slovenia for 2021.
PNZ, 2023
Rail transport | Road transport | |
---|---|---|
Passenger transport (mio €) | 779.76 | 1587.79 |
Freight transport (mio €) | 21.77 | 9.24 |
PNZ, 2023
Passenger transport (mio €) | Freight transport (mio €) | |
---|---|---|
Traffic accidents | 606.75 | 179.91 |
Air pollution | 165.42 | 208.76 |
Climate change | 289.13 | 154.04 |
Noise | 69.28 | 77.92 |
Congestion | 357.38 | 131.01 |
Damage to habitats | 109.07 | 49.89 |
PNZ, 2023
Total | Damage to habitats | Congestion | Noise | Climate change | Air pollution | Traffic accidents | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Share of GDP (%) | 0.05 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.02 |