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[KM11] Production methods on agricultural holdings
State

Key message
Neutral

The indicator mainly shows unidentifiable direction of development. The majority of data were available only for a limited period and therefore, the reliable estimation of trends is not possible. The majority of arable fields in Slovenia are part of planned crop rotation, the proportion is slightly above the EU average. Cereals are predominant crops. Areas for growing green fodder and industrial plants are increasing, while the production of root and tuber crops is decreasing. A slow diversification of crop species can be observed, particularly favorable is the increase of the share of legume species. The share of arable fields covered over the winter is slightly above the EU average, considerably higher is the proportion of fields with dedicated winter cover. However, almost a quarter of all fields are still without winter cover. Slovenia belongs to a group of EU Member State countries where conventional soil tillage is prevailing. To achieve the goals of reducing erosion, improving soil management and mitigating the effects of climate change, the reduction of the share of land cultivated by plowing would be desirable.

Farm management practices have a direct impact on maintaining soil fertility and the ability to adapt to changing climatic factors, as well as, among other things, on the economics of production. Changes in farming practices contribute to reducing the risk of erosion and loss of organic matter in the soil, reducing the risk of water pollution and to improving the physical, chemical and biological properties of the soil. The types of farms and the use of agricultural land (fields, permanent grassland, permanent crops) determine the basic methods of management. More detailed ways of managing management are indicated by the implementation of crop rotation, the predominant crop rotation elements, the choice of methods and proportions of soil coverage over the winter, and the methods of soil cultivation.

Charts

Figure KM11-1: Share of arable area in crop rotation*
Note:

Calculations by AIS.

* Data for selected EU Member State countries and EU–28 averages are for year 2010. Data for Slovenia for 2010 are according to EUROSTAT database, and for year 2016 according to data from Statistical office of Slovenia.

Show data
ARABLE LAND AND KITCHEN GARDENS [ha] Arable land not included in calculations [ha] Fallow land [ha] Flowers and ornamental plants [ha] Hops [ha] Vegetables in protected areas [ha] Asparagus [ha] Strawberies [ha] Arable land for calculations [ha] Cereals [ha] Share of arable area out in crop rotation [%] Share of arable area out of crop rotation [%]
Slovenia (2010) 170144 165110 144500 87.52 12.48
Slovenia (2016) 173787 3063.10 1109 85 1485 219.10 54 111 170723.90 154523 90.51 9.49
EU 28 103404290 72497040 70.11 29.89
Hungary 3837230 2347660 61.18 38.82
Germany 11896790 9693940 81.48 18.52
Austria 1371290 872210 63.61 36.39
Italy 7009310 4847530 69.16 30.84
France 18386080 13722710 74.64 25.36
Croatia 895220 99920 11.16 88.84
Figure KM11-2: Share of different groups of crops on arrable land in Slovenia in the period 1992–2017*
Sources:

DATA COLLECTED: 4. 10. 2018 ()

Note:

Calculations by AIS.

* Data for selected EU Member countries and EU–28 average are for year 2013.

 

Show data
Arable land and kitchen garens[ha] Fallow land[ha] Cereals[ha] Dried pulses (grains)[ha] Root crops[ha] Industrial crops[ha] Vegetables and strawberies[ha] Flowers and ornamental plants[ha] Fooder from arrable land[ha] Other crops on arrable land[ha] Share of cereals[%] Share of industrial crops[%] Share of root crops[%] Share od fooder from arrable land[%] Share of other crops[%] Share of other crops[%]
1992 190984 1983 110958 613 21588 5784 3765 144 45678 471 59.95 3.12 11.66 24.68 0.59 12.25
1993 191351 1975 110690 602 21322 5650 3901 153 46533 525 59.73 3.05 11.51 25.11 0.61 12.11
1994 187024 1975 103338 595 21106 6735 3422 153 49157 544 56.94 3.71 11.63 27.09 0.63 12.26
1995 184874 1812 100765 699 21337 4535 2842 139 52231 514 55.96 2.52 11.85 29.00 0.67 12.52
1996 181404 2171 99276 668 20367 5157 3042 124 50166 433 56.39 2.93 11.57 28.49 0.63 12.19
1997 173518 2082 95480 579 18329 4588 2851 132 49026 452 56.68 2.72 10.88 29.10 0.61 11.49
1998 172721 1993 95119 445 19663 4482 2743 140 47635 501 56.67 2.67 11.71 28.38 0.56 12.28
1999 172082 1904 91122 312 23198 4252 2666 149 48061 418 54.45 2.54 13.86 28.72 0.44 14.30
2000 170849 1038 101865 322 18872 4126 2614 157 41423 432 60.98 2.47 11.30 24.80 0.45 11.75
2001 172672 816 103871 362 13831 4313 2828 124 45857 670 61.50 2.55 8.19 27.15 0.61 8.80
2002 168414 464 98277 512 12675 7633 2575 105 44855 1318 59.46 4.62 7.67 27.14 1.11 8.78
2003 172753 320 98286 723 13422 8234 3162 169 47922 515 58.12 4.87 7.94 28.34 0.73 8.67
2004 175080 1288 99345 770 12422 7310 2979 169 50219 580 58.22 4.28 7.28 29.43 0.79 8.07
2005 176314 2108 94637 2009 12317 8050 2995 169 53665 364 55.33 4.71 7.20 31.38 1.39 8.59
2006 177780 872 95951 3905 12941 9034 3273 139 51361 304 55.30 5.21 7.46 29.60 2.43 9.88
2007 175035 1887 98586 2337 6263 11255 2861 154 51467 225 57.95 6.62 3.68 30.25 1.51 5.19
2008 180303 584 105016 1578 4986 9816 3545 154 54404 220 59.66 5.58 2.83 30.91 1.02 3.85
2009 175189 714 100173 1030 4644 10731 3516 154 54007 220 58.65 6.28 2.72 31.62 0.73 3.45
2010 170144 349 93941 886 4477 13321 2378 76 54374 342 56.14 7.96 2.68 32.49 0.73 3.41
2011 168744 479 94125 1134 3870 12425 3387 78 52992 254 57.11 7.54 2.35 32.16 0.84 3.19
2012 171668 487 98378 748 3647 11450 3923 72 52709 254 58.84 6.85 2.18 31.53 0.60 2.78
2013 174110 448 97830 686 3555 11547 3987 96 55761 200 57.69 6.81 2.10 32.88 0.52 2.62
2014 175069 338 98293 691 3821 11867 4138 73 55649 200 57.64 6.96 2.24 32.63 0.52 2.76
2015 171167 1170 96976 847 3494 10419 4115 53 53894 200 58.48 6.28 2.11 32.50 0.63 2.74
2016 173787 1109 95508 1258 3311 13272 4630 85 54212 402 56.86 7.90 1.97 32.28 0.99 2.96
2017 174363 1313 95193 1306 3389 13180 4559 48 54973 402 56.51 7.82 2.01 32.64 1.01 3.03
EU 28 55.60 12 19.90 12.50
Hungary 64.10 21 8.10 6.90
Germany 55 12.90 23.20 8.80
Austria 60.20 11 17.80 11
Italy 52.10 5.70 28.80 13.40
Croatia 67.30 13.70 13.50 5.50
Figure KM11-3: Trends in share of most important crops on arable land in Slovenia in the period 1992–2017*
Sources:

DATA COLLECTED: 4. 10. 2018 ()

Note:

Calculations by AIS.

* Arable land with clovers, lucerne and grass-clover mixtures are also included in calculations for legumes. For oils crops, arable land with soybean was not included in calculations.

Show data
ARABLE LAND AND KITCHEN GARDENS[ha] Vegetables[ha] Fallow land[ha] CEREALS[ha] Wheat and spelt[ha] Rye[ha] Barley[ha] Oats[ha] Triticale[ha] Maize for grains[ha] OTHER CEREALS (TOTAL)[ha] Other cereals - millet[ha] - as the main crop[ha] - as the successive crop[ha] Other cereals - buckwheat[ha] - as the main crop[ha] - as the successive crop[ha] Other[ha] DRIED PULSES (GRAINS)[ha] Fodder peas and broad beans[ha] - Fodder peas[ha] - Broad beans[ha] Dry beans[ha] Dried pulses, other[ha] ROOT CROPS[ha] Potato[ha] Sugar beet[ha] Fodder roots[ha] Other fodder roots[ha] INDUSTRIAL CROPS[ha] Oil plants[ha] - Oil turniprape[ha] - Sunflowers[ha] - Soya[ha] - Pumpkins for oil[ha] Hops[ha] Other industrial crops[ha] FODDER FROM ARABLE LAND[ha] Annual crops[ha] - Silage maize[ha] - Other[ha] - Fodder dried pulses[ha] Clover and lucerne[ha] - Clover[ha] - Lucerne[ha] Grasses and grass-clover mixtures[ha] - Grass-clover mixtures[ha] Other fodder from arable land[ha] Proportion of legume[%] Share of winter wheat[%] Share of maize[%] Share of crops for oil (without soybean)[%]
1992 190984 3495 1983 110958 36413 2639 8146 2376 0 61220 713 179 35 144 483 25 458 51 613 39 0 574 0 12928 3153 10789 5784 1978 93 0 1232 2398 44 45678 24571 1892 0 4048 19532 11132 473 8.53 19.66 46.31 1.78
1993 191351 3626 1975 110690 37173 2635 9093 2388 0 59253 630 119 48 71 455 44 411 56 602 43 0 559 0 12434 3499 11431 5650 1654 125 42 1295 2466 27 46533 25900 1685 0 3985 19228 10959 485 8.40 20.04 45.91 1.66
1994 187024 3139 1975 103338 35876 2101 12652 2590 0 49359 1371 423 212 211 720 320 400 228 595 114 0 481 0 10147 4910 11311 6735 2278 134 10 1961 2292 38 49157 30311 1514 0 3658 17652 10061 492 7.89 19.75 43.86 2.41
1995 184874 2730 1812 100765 36779 1925 12719 1866 368 46750 1004 255 96 159 652 165 487 97 699 105 0 594 0 10070 6132 9928 4535 296 123 14 1815 2205 69 52231 30321 1906 0 4237 20442 11651 321 9.21 20.41 42.76 1.24
1996 181404 2952 2171 99276 35159 1938 12543 1888 343 47123 822 199 88 111 542 113 429 81 668 73 0 595 0 9382 6341 8647 5157 149 109 4 2596 2233 55 50166 30953 1735 0 3713 17917 10212 307 8.28 19.96 44.31 1.62
1997 173518 2807 2082 95480 33431 1345 10828 1817 437 47491 658 160 38 122 445 40 405 53 579 9 0 570 0 9186 6370 6753 4588 54 9 4 2249 2163 97 49026 29953 1482 0 3885 17172 10297 264 8.76 19.83 45.94 1.37
1998 172721 2707 1993 95119 35025 1227 10871 1793 478 45592 639 163 41 122 424 40 384 52 445 9 0 436 0 9200 7670 6753 4482 77 24 4 2311 2010 44 47635 29285 1447 0 3584 16785 10063 260 8.39 20.85 44.57 1.44
1999 172082 2607 1904 91122 31615 911 10935 2405 634 44401 835 183 80 103 601 90 511 51 312 9 0 303 0 9845 10837 4921 4252 173 24 28 2176 1803 35 48061 30204 1276 0 2997 17860 10407 286 8.20 18.87 44.54 1.42
2000 170849 2507 1038 101865 38256 674 11570 2251 835 48009 915 226 105 121 632 108 524 57 322 39 39 0 309 0 8952 8116 4264 4126 122 24 28 2147 1766 39 41423 26851 1243 0 2863 13899 3918 338 4.30 22.88 44.77 1.37
2001 172672 2731 816 103871 39335 745 12664 1917 1227 47571 1057 157 36 121 742 218 524 158 362 39 39 0 323 0 7785 4700 3778 4313 398 24 38 2122 1682 53 45857 24491 1168 0 1892 21739 5583 470 4.68 23.27 42.63 1.51
2002 168414 3228 464 98277 35729 620 12392 2014 1661 45525 1473 276 67 209 1169 241 928 28 512 204 204 0 308 0 7113 4450 3722 7633 2433 20 67 3232 1817 59 44855 23933 1028 0 2021 22013 6903 1038 5.90 21.70 42.19 3.45
2003 172753 3982 320 99305 35585 630 13789 1964 1820 44137 1380 611 115 495 689 166 523 80 723 367 364 3 351 5 6832 5359 4048 8234 6559 2705 107 40 3707 1662 13 55716 31525 30200 1325 0 2168 1214 954 22023 9387 149 7.53 21.13 44.15 3.87
2004 175080 3631 1288 99775 32385 1109 15324 1854 2124 45996 983 339 277 62 578 210 368 66 770 419 418 1 351 0 6832 4658 3401 7363 5826 1945 56 78 3693 1524 13 56985 29334 27045 2289 67 2357 1000 1357 25294 12087 160 9.24 19.04 42.94 3.35
2005 176314 2891 2108 94637 30059 1320 15451 2731 1986 42369 1631 627 306 321 811 222 589 193 2009 1521 1513 8 451 37 6306 5057 3472 8050 6580 2260 40 172 4108 1453 17 61585 33882 31525 2357 184 3070 1445 1625 24633 12059 222 11.00 17.56 43.16 3.74
2006 177780 3169 872 95951 32083 766 17044 2471 2869 39839 1114 168 120 48 547 360 187 399 3905 3434 3342 92 448 23 5900 6684 1834 9034 7500 2809 156 226 4302 1507 27 57869 28359 27008 1351 57 2481 1010 1471 26725 14652 303 14.22 18.48 38.50 4.19
2007 175035 2752 1887 98586 32040 820 18532 2332 3091 40906 1554 344 113 231 809 351 458 401 2337 1971 1970 1 355 11 5736 0 1977 11255 9666 5358 246 126 3936 1572 17 59207 28474 26802 1672 0 3090 1312 1778 27133 15841 510 13.72 18.82 39.76 5.60
2008 180303 3421 584 105564 35413 714 19229 1887 3241 43698 1382 247 137 110 761 323 438 374 1578 1212 1211 1 355 11 5991 4427 0 1564 9816 8161 4442 256 49 3414 1638 17 61454 27068 26543 525 0 4351 2109 2272 29574 17964 161 14.28 20.10 39.87 4.60
2009 175189 3406 714 100173 34534 892 20089 1773 3399 38611 1568 136 84 52 1044 403 641 388 1030 648 355 27 4644 4175 972 939 10731 9041 4424 227 66 4324 1660 13 54007 27252 26125 1127 5860 3415 2445 30624 19239 183 15.32 20.20 37.87 5.25
2010 170144 2276 349 93941 31946 796 18730 1773 3477 36433 1605 199 95 104 1198 482 716 208 886 513 289 84 4477 4125 587 727 13321 11756 5303 203 109 6141 1488 31 54374 26851 25868 983 5548 2566 2982 29956 19368 230 15.48 19.08 37.21 6.96
2011 168744 3288 479 94125 29665 808 17477 1842 3347 40185 1655 203 58 145 1180 471 709 272 1134 621 289 224 3870 3640 654 726 12425 10969 4770 374 107 5718 1376 52 52992 26885 25970 915 5451 2504 2948 28848 20539 230 16.52 17.99 40.12 6.59
2012 171668 3843 487 98378 34586 902 17967 1369 3640 39166 2103 199 62 137 1676 457 1219 228 748 370 289 89 3647 3386 553 797 11450 10160 5141 367 140 4512 1159 82 52709 28499 27437 1062 5337 2183 3154 27626 19123 230 15.16 20.68 39.82 5.99
2013 174110 3881 448 97830 31758 1489 17314 1203 3490 41857 1860 169 67 102 1401 362 1039 290 686 224 396 66 3555 3307 476 790 11547 10115 6131 273 278 3433 1166 194 55761 30866 30011 855 5722 2339 3382 28699 20034 187 15.75 18.72 42.36 5.80
2014 175069 4051 338 98293 33124 1640 18482 1364 4229 38331 2713 229 105 124 1979 512 1467 506 691 221 396 74 3821 3600 434 761 11867 10162 5563 252 404 3943 1296 364 55649 30147 29485 662 5549 2128 3421 27015 19496 187 15.32 19.42 39.75 5.72
2015 171167 4008 1170 96976 30734 1236 20110 1506 4491 37743 3136 491 264 227 2435 682 1753 209 847 447 396 4 3494 3318 325 597 10419 8503 1629 230 1705 4939 1405 436 53894 29395 28734 661 8507 4074 4432 21864 15454 187 15.98 18.53 40.07 4.10
2016 173787 4519 1109 95508 31461 970 19184 1332 5288 36388 3731 399 78 321 3127 601 2526 206 1258 611 634 13 3311 3164 266 626 13272 11273 3156 241 2466 5410 1485 425 54212 29513 28690 823 10498 4863 5635 21286 14137 375 16.88 18.72 38.73 5.24
2017 174363 4451 1313 95193 28016 1081 20369 1448 5032 38290 4224 347 83 264 3647 643 3004 230 1306 658 634 14 3389 3165 294 678 13180 11142 3435 299 2908 4500 1591 305 54973 29964 29194 770 10158 4795 5364 22324 14152 375 16.93 16.63 40.05 4.89
Figure KM11-4: Share of arable land with winter cover in 2010 and 2016*
Sources:

DATA COLLECTED: 9. 10. 2018 ()

Note:

Calculations by AIS.

* Data for selected EU Member State countries and EU–28 average are for year 2013.

Show data
ARABLE LAND AND KITCHEN GARDENS[ha] Fallow land[ha] Field included in calculation[ha] Arable land with normal winter crops[ha] Arable land with cover and intermediate crops[ha] Arable land with plant residues[ha] Bare soil[ha] Share of arrable land with normal winter crops[%] Share of arrable land with cover or intermediate crops[%] Share of arable land with plant residues[%] Share of bare soil in arable land[%] Share of arrable land with normal winter crops[%] Share of arrable land with cover or intermediate crops[%] Share of arable land with plant residues[%] Share of bare soil in arable land[%]
Slovenia (2010) 170144 349 168205 77239 28532 4987 35116 45.92 16.96 2.96 20.88 52.95 19.56 3.42 24.07
Slovenia (2016) 173787 1109 171028 80787 21352 11023 40667 47.24 12.48 6.45 23.78 52.52 13.88 7.17 26.44
EU 28 103404290 45302160 5648220 9165260 26244110 43.81 5.46 8.86 25.38 52.46 6.54 10.61 30.39
Hungary 3837230 1506710 44970 217300 1817950 39.27 1.17 5.66 47.38 42.01 1.25 6.06 50.68
Germany 11896790 7054160 821160 1140750 2201660 59.29 6.90 9.59 18.51 62.88 7.32 10.17 19.63
Austria 1371290 480590 368210 25130 150510 35.05 26.85 1.83 10.98 46.91 35.94 2.45 14.69
Italy 7009310 2225390 132890 635800 1451560 31.75 1.90 9.07 20.71 50.06 2.99 14.30 32.65
France 18386080 8573370 1992730 1537160 6272960 46.63 10.84 8.36 34.12 46.65 10.84 8.36 34.14
Croatia 895220 289000 14660 37160 449820 32.28 1.64 4.15 50.25 36.55 1.85 4.70 56.89
Figure KM11-5: Share of arable land according to tillage practices in 2010 and 2016*
Sources:

DATA COLLECTED: 9. 10. 2018 ()

Note:

Calculations by AIS.

* Data for selected EU Member State countries and EU-27 average are for year 2010.

Show data
ARABLE LAND AND KITCHEN GARDENS[ha] Flowers and ornamental plants[ha] Hops[ha] Vegetables in protected areas[ha] Asparagus[ha] Strawberies[ha] Arable land for calculations[ha] Conventional tillage[ha] Conservational tillage[ha] Zero tillage[ha] Fallow land and arable land with no data[ha] Share of arable land with conventional tillage[%] Share of arable land with conservational tillage[%] Share of arable land with zero tillage[%] Share of fallow land[%]
2010 170144 76 1488 180.90 102 168297.10 128894 14692 2480 22231.10 76.59 8.73 1.47 13.21
2016 173787 85 1485 219.10 54 111 171832.90 142814 19274 918 8880.90 83.11 11.22 0.53 5.17
EU 27 102535310 65458370 19176980 3530940 14369020 63.84 18.70 3.44 14.01
Hungary 3837230 3205710 409670 44170 177680 83.54 10.68 1.15 4.63
Germany 11896790 6610510 4470300 146610 669370 55.57 37.58 1.23 5.63
Austria 1370290 972960 326720 28330 42280 71.00 23.84 2.07 3.09
Italy 7009310 5183060 300970 283920 1241360 73.95 4.29 4.05 17.71
France 18386080 8991900 4619950 530270 4243960 48.91 25.13 2.88 23.08
Croatia 895220 808340 25660 18540 39680 90.30 2.87 2.07 4.43

Goals

The indicator is directly related to the strategic goals of the Resolution on the strategic directions of the development of Slovenian agriculture and food until 2020 Zagotovimo.si food for tomorrow:

  • Ensuring food security through the stable production of safe, high-quality and consumer-friendly food.
  • Sustainable use of production potentials and provision of public goods related to agriculture.
  • Implementing agricultural practices that will preserve biodiversity, soil and water quality.
  • Increasing the competitiveness of agriculture and food processing industry.

 

Additionally, the indicator is related to the strategic objectives of the Rural Development Programme 2014–2020:

  • Restoration, conservation and enhancement of biodiversity, including Natura 2000 sites and areas with natural or other special constraints, and farming of high natural value and landscape status in Europe.
  • Improving water management, including the management of fertilizers and pesticides.
  • Preventing soil erosion and improving soil management.
  • Climate change effects mitigation and adaptation.

 

The indicator is partly related to other environmental objectives:

  • Eradicating hunger, achieving food security and improved nutrition, and promoting sustainable agriculture (Agenda 2030).
  • Protection, conservation and improvement of the Union's natural capital (7th Environmental Action Program).
  • The protection of Union citizens against environmental pressures and risks to health and well-being (7th Environmental Action Program).

Methodology

Source data base
Statistical office of Republic of Slovenia
Date of data source summarization
Time coverage
1992–2017
Geographical coverage
Slovenia
Source data base
EUROSTAT
Date of data source summarization
Time coverage
2010 and 2013
Last modified
11.10.2018
Author(s)

Aleš Kolmanič, Agricultural Institute of Slovenia