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Key message
Neutral

Slovenia is a net importer of food, as it does not cover its demand for agricultural products (cereals, potatoes, vegetables, fruit, pig meat and honey) with domestic production. The long-term trend shows that the self-sufficiency rate for most animal products (milk, eggs, beef and poultry) is higher and more stable, with the exception of pig meat and honey, where the rate of self-sufficiency is decreasing. Oppositely, the self-sufficiency rate for most crops is lower (potatoes, vegetables and fruit) and fluctuates over the years (harvests and yields), with only the self-sufficiency rate for cereals increasing in the long term.


The indicator shows the rate of food self-sufficiency for the following agricultural products: meat, eggs, cereals, potatoes, vegetables, fruit, milk and honey. Food self-sufficiency shows to what point domestic production is able to meet total demand or domestic consumption (consumption for feed, food and industrial consumption) for individual agricultural products. The self-sufficiency rate is calculated only for individual agricultural products and not as the aggregated food self-sufficiency.

The indicator shows self-sufficiency rate for individual agricultural products, the per capita consumption of agricultural products and a comparison of self-sufficiency rate for cereals among the EU countries (EU–18).


Charts

Figure KM29-1: Self-sufficiency rate of agricultural products in Slovenia in the period 2000–2019
Sources: 

SORS, calculations by Agricultural Institute of Slovenia
Data: 10.06.2020

Chart note: 

* Temporary data

Show data

Meat, total [%]

Eggs [%]

Cereals [%]

Potatoes [%]

Vegetables [%]

Fruit [%]

Milk, total [%]

Honey [%]

2000

91.58

95.42

48.02

83.34

47.15

66.04

113.23

111.65

2001

99.59

97.67

46.07

78.50

39.36

54.60

116.51

104.51

2002

97.07

96.73

62.82

85.05

42.08

59.49

115.21

105.15

2003

97.27

103.95

37.62

64.46

37.22

55.60

115.58

97.37

2004

91.86

102.91

63.25

86.05

43.32

58.17

113.83

102.17

2005

88.35

94.46

60.03

74.10

44.95

48.83

113.39

75

2006

88.08

96.81

50.05

59.81

38.64

52.46

120.18

80.94

2007

92.51

95.08

53.58

70.37

33.78

48.99

120.29

77.89

2008

90.95

95.35

63.54

57.45

36.01

37.71

114.56

81.44

2009

82.64

93.07

56.62

62.80

37.43

38.46

113.81

85.27

2010

84.21

92.69

56.55

62.89

30.13

46.69

116.35

73.89

2011

84.74

96.22

71.09

62.97

36.51

46.48

119.75

85.17

2012

83.41

92.23

70.23

55.09

34.04

37.15

117.43

51.24

2013

81.88

91.44

54.73

46.41

33.25

42.90

118.21

82.19

2014

79.79

90.43

76.57

67.46

37.83

41.94

120.25

20

2015

73.94

93.06

72.05

58.84

39.56

47.04

125.09

70.69

2016

76.37

94.78

74.12

54.94

41.71

31.83

131.75

59.09

2017

81.49

90.43

63.11

49.87

38.48

14.53

134.30

44.69

2018

80.64

95.60

69.07

48.45

40.91

47.19

128.70

79.19

2019*

80.92

95.09

74.12

45.37

43.70

29.55

127.50

40.88

Figure KM29-2: Self-sufficiency rate of meat in Slovenia in the period 2000–2019
Sources: 

SORS, calculations by Agricultural Institute of Slovenia
Data: 10.06.2020

Chart note: 

* Temporary data

Show data

Beef and veal [%]

Pig meat [%]

Poultry meat [%]

2000

95.89

76.62

109.80

2001

119.06

80.72

113.26

2002

116.95

77.77

110.37

2003

106.68

86.50

114.44

2004

96.47

79.92

115.13

2005

93.37

69.53

112.36

2006

101.45

69.67

108.22

2007

101.28

73.63

113.74

2008

103.06

70.23

112.92

2009

98.06

54.81

109.14

2010

106

52.26

112.18

2011

109.69

49.50

113.33

2012

111.50

46.48

109.28

2013

107.44

39.63

117.35

2014

106.33

38.95

111.36

2015

98.62

34.56

103.08

2016

107.69

34.48

106.71

2017

110.48

38

109.36

2018

109.47

37.62

109.49

2019*

103.06

39.83

109.88

Figure KM29-3: Human consumption of agricultural products per capita in Slovenia in the period 2000–2019
Sources: 

SORS, calculations by Agricultural Institute of Slovenia
Data: 10.06.2020

Chart note: 

* Temporary data

Show data

Meat, total (carcass weight equivalent) [kg]

Eggs [kg]

Cereals [kg]

Potatoes [kg]

Vegetables [kg]

Fruit [kg]

Milk, total (raw milk equivalent) [kg]

Honey [kg]

2000

88.51

10.81

129.76

90.15

78.54

104.49

231.42

1.04

2001

93.04

10.11

135.19

79.57

73.39

79.12

227.89

1.22

2002

87.99

9.61

126.23

79.84

78.70

114.89

234.58

1.17

2003

99.17

6.85

123.62

72.45

81.52

100.10

228.68

0.95

2004

98.58

6.23

119.45

75.77

88.97

128.25

235.76

1.15

2005

97.30

6.51

123.99

76.82

91.26

125.07

235.33

1.10

2006

94.21

7.03

125.49

78.90

95.57

124.44

218.93

1.38

2007

94.66

8.91

123.92

81.35

90.29

131.73

223.64

0.94

2008

96.64

10.03

119.23

77.49

100.97

151.69

234.03

0.96

2009

94.14

10.23

108.73

72

103.24

148.45

229.97

1.10

2010

93.70

10.15

121.05

70.31

91.81

135.22

223.74

1.10

2011

89.53

10.12

118.06

66.43

97.09

129.30

218.91

1.41

2012

88.15

9.08

115.44

63.27

95.33

112.98

225.86

0.98

2013

82.24

10.27

112.29

59.41

98.29

129.39

218.59

1.42

2014

84.99

9.78

119.27

62.37

103.92

131.06

219.87

1.14

2015

88.32

11.06

120.89

68.25

109.88

134.23

218.68

1.41

2016

94.22

10.67

121.41

68.51

113.41

122.69

213.25

1.07

2017

93.08

11.52

120.97

68

113.97

121.62

209.89

0.87

2018

92.60

10.85

123.30

66.49

111.41

152.48

215.54

1.07

2019*

90.82

11.66

118.24

63.71

123.21

128.85

213.76

0.76

Figure KM29-4: Human consumption of meat per capita in Slovenia in the period 2000–2019
Sources: 

SORS, calculations by Agricultural Institute of Slovenia
Data: 10.06.2020

Chart note: 

* Temporary data

Show data

Beef and veal [kg]

Pigmeat [kg]

Poultrymeat [kg]

2000

20.55

38.12

24.76

2001

20.23

41.29

26.05

2002

19.16

39.86

24.11

2003

23.55

42.43

24.90

2004

23.38

44.60

23.07

2005

23.61

44.15

24.66

2006

20.72

45.17

23.04

2007

21.07

42.05

26.05

2008

21.32

43.15

26.65

2009

20.49

40.51

28.06

2010

19.94

41.55

27.72

2011

19.82

39.55

26.22

2012

18.93

37.68

27.74

2013

18.57

35.54

24.76

2014

18.06

36.82

26.99

2015

18.99

37.02

28.88

2016

19.96

40.75

29.99

2017

20.77

37.62

31.08

2018

19.84

37.85

31.23

2019*

20.01

36.70

30.81

Figure KM29-5: Cereal self-sufficiency rate in EU–18 in the period 2017–2018
Sources: 

EUROSTAT,  calculations by Agricultural Institute of Slovenia
Data: 15.04.2020

Show data

Lithuania [%]

Latvia [%]

Bulgaria [%]

Estonia [%]

Hungary [%]

Romania [%]

Slovakia [%]

Croatia [%]

Poland [%]

Luxembourg [%]

Finland [%]

Turkey [%]

United Kingdom [%]

Slovenia [%]

Greece [%]

Ireland [%]

Italy [%]

Portugal [%]

EU–18 [%]

2017

387.08

345.43

271.50

245.47

186.85

157.43

134.21

118.55

122.47

107.55

106.00

97.21

64.71

59.81

54.08

52.68

18.27

108.94

2018

326.91

227.49

283.09

171.40

190.17

174.67

170.84

138.42

95.13

103.60

73.66

97.97

88.29

70.61

59.80

38.42

51.30

16.71

103.54


Goals

  • Increase the self-sufficiency rate for vegetables to 50 % by 2020.
  • Increase the self-sufficiency rate for pig meat to 70 % by 2020.
  • Increase the self-sufficiency rate for the following commodities, commodity groups and processed products by 2020: wheat, fodder cereals, legumes, oilseeds, potatoes, vegetables (fresh and processed), pig meat, cheese, curd cheese and honey.
  • To achieve an adequate food self-sufficiency rate and ensure food security in the country.
  • Ensure food security through the stable production of safe, high-quality and consumer-friendly food.

The food self-sufficiency rate indicates the level of country’s self-sufficiency in terms of providing sufficient quantities of food, which is very important from the point of view of food security and access to food for the Slovenian population. Global megatrends show that the quality and quantity of the food produced and the increasing dependence on the global market could be affected in the future by increasing climate change. Slovenia is a net importer of food, as it does not cover its demand for agricultural products with domestic production. In Slovenia, the self-sufficiency rate is higher in livestock production and lower in crop production, the lowest rates of self-sufficiency are in fruit, vegetables and potatoes. The self-sufficiency rate in crop production fluctuates over the years due to poor or rich harvests (total yields), which are also strongly influenced by extreme weather conditions such as droughts, frosts, hail and floods.

Self-sufficiency rate for agricultural products and the per capita consumption of agricultural products are compared between the periods before EU accession (2000–2003), post-accession period (2004–2013) and the period of recent years (2014–2018). Prior to EU accession, Slovenia was self-sufficient in milk and almost 100 % self-sufficient in eggs and meat. In the post-accession period (2004–2013), the self-sufficiency rate in meat, potatoes and fruit decreased, while self-sufficiency rate for cereals increased. The self-sufficiency rate for potatoes and fruit was lower due to lower production and the effects of extreme weather conditions. The meat self-sufficiency rate was lower due to the substantial decrease in production of pig meat due to weak competitiveness, slow structural change and price pressure (cheaper imports of foreign pig meat). A year after Slovenia's accession to the EU, the reform of the EU sugar market was adopted. As a result, the only sugar factory in Slovenia was closed and since then no sugar has been produced in Slovenia. Before the reform, the sugar self-sufficiency rate was on average 50 %. In recent years (2014–2018), Slovenia has been self-sufficient in milk, beef and poultry. The largest deficit was in fruit, vegetables, potatoes and pig meat. Compared to the pre-accession period (2000–2003), the milk and cereals self-sufficiency rates increased, while the meat, potatoes and fruit self-sufficiency rates decreased. The pig meat and honey self-sufficiency rates decreased the most, for more than a half, while the vegetables and eggs self-sufficiency rates remained at a similar level.

The per capita consumption of agricultural products fluctuates over the years. Compared to the pre-accession period (2000–2003), in the period 2014–2018, on average 42 % more vegetables (+32 kg) and 33 % more fruit (+33 kg) were consumed per capita. The consumption of eggs and poultry also increased (+1 kg and +5 kg per capita). Oppositely, potato consumption decreased the most (–14 kg per capita), while consumption of cereals, milk, beef and poultry decreased only slightly.

Strategy for the implementation of the Resolution on strategic orientations for the development of Slovene agriculture and food industry until 2020 (from year 2014) defined goals of achieving self-sufficiency rate of 50 % for vegetables and 70 % for pig meat by the end of 2020, but the current situation does not come close to these goals. The self-sufficiency rate for vegetables is slowly increasing, but has not yet reached the 50 % rate, while the self-sufficiency rate for pig meat has not reached 40 % rate in the most recent years. These goals have not been achieved by 2020

The rate of food self-sufficiency also influences the country's carbon footprint. A lower rate of self-sufficiency requires higher food imports, which increases the carbon footprint. Oppositely, greater self-sufficiency has a positive impact on food security and contributes to the greenhouse gas reduction goals (Operational Program for the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions by 2020), such as ensuring that greenhouse gas emissions by 2020 do not increase by more than 4% compared to 2005 and maintaining greenhouse gas emissions while increasing Slovenia's food self-sufficiency and ensuring food security. For the time being, the emissions movement in the agricultural sector remains in line with the goals.

On average, the EU countries (EU–18) are self-sufficient with cereals (2017: 109 %, 2018: 104 % self-sufficiency rate). The highest self-sufficiency rates for cereals are found in Lithuania (327 %), Bulgaria (283 %), Latvia (227 %), Hungary (190 %), Romania (175 %), Estonia and Slovakia (both 171 %). Slovenia is at the bottom third of the EU–18 by the rate of self-sufficiency for cereals (ranked 14th in 2018; 71 %). Low self-sufficiency rates are also found in Greece (2018: 60 %), Italy (2018: 51 %), Ireland (2018: 38 %) and Portugal (2018: 17 %).


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