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[PP11] Heating and cooling degree days
State

Key message
Neutral

Comparison of periods 1961-1990 and 1991-2020 on the chosen representative stations around Slovenia shows decrease of heating degree days by around 10 % and multiple increase of cooling degree days. With projected continuous temperature raise until the end of 21st century, those trends are expected to continue. Thus, in Slovenia, energy demand for cooling will increase in the warmer period of the year, while the energy demand for heating will decrease in colder period of the year. Same trend is projected for Europe in general.

Charts

Figure PP11-1: Annual heating degree days, Slovenia, 1961-2022
Sources:

Slovenian Environment Agency, 2023

Show data
Kredarica[Kday] Rateče[Kday] Murska Sobota[Kday] Novo mesto[Kday] Ljubljana[Kday] Bilje[Kday]
1961 7682 4363 2937 2873
1962 7935 4809 3527 3574 3347
1963 8245 5148 4044 3917 3736 2895
1964 7626 4552 3686 3550 3319 2502
1965 8101 4960 3588 3682 3464 2663
1966 7883 4682 3349 3239 3166 2496
1967 8035 4636 3204 3275 3124 2445
1968 7716 4490 3311 3146 3065 2372
1969 8065 4880 3637 3519 3438 2572
1970 8225 5039 3682 3654 3476 2680
1971 7943 4821 3446 3371 3277 2561
1972 7685 4722 3533 3570 3386 2580
1973 8095 4948 3800 3714 3584 2800
1974 7829 4619 3456 3321 3192 2554
1975 7958 4705 3295 3244 3177 2672
1976 7836 4603 3653 3536 3474 2694
1977 7947 4641 3229 3086 2960 2223
1978 8066 4979 3610 3503 3409 2662
1979 7960 5107 3755 3534 3553 2802
1980 8208 5022 3694 3496 3440 2822
1981 7866 4956 3640 3438 3503 2924
1982 8017 4785 3551 3419 3378 2871
1983 7514 4248 3053 2850 2937 2472
1984 7985 4917 3745 3509 3517 2962
1985 7998 4839 3757 3523 3440 2840
1986 7689 4627 3507 3421 3357 2689
1987 7920 5039 3866 3596 3568 2944
1988 7552 4299 3150 2979 2978 2451
1989 7359 4464 3250 3116 3110 2661
1990 7361 4383 3102 2950 2987 2707
1991 7991 4959 3574 3350 3295 2654
1992 7614 4397 3236 3138 3149 2692
1993 7243 4348 3241 3063 3019 2570
1994 7677 4447 3006 2899 2826 2315
1995 7498 4321 3172 3099 3012 2485
1996 7773 4655 3596 3350 3179 2586
1997 7766 4522 3438 3286 3068 2455
1998 7502 4236 3160 2961 2875 2425
1999 7668 4565 3317 3193 3074 2596
2000 7475 4157 3122 2993 2918 2498
2001 7404 3972 2647 2447 2463 1991
2002 7359 4296 3136 2984 2906 2400
2003 7584 4161 3400 3186 2950 2327
2004 7621 4658 3348 3197 3113 2564
2005 7670 4506 3338 3139 3049 2533
2006 7815 4765 3485 3269 3185 2579
2007 6878 3669 2563 2229 2146 1879
2008 7609 4417 3181 3119 3060 2509
2009 7682 4398 2925 2920 2870 2229
2010 7670 4288 3104 2997 2992 2440
2011 7580 4237 3123 3089 2862 2349
2012 7342 4109 3158 3047 2954 2491
2013 7484 4407 3091 3028 2899 2391
2014 7105 4005 2554 2367 2288 1731
2015 7433 3813 2672 2578 2523 2052
2016 7002 4156 2850 2736 2681 2252
2017 7239 4071 3180 2993 2822 2329
2018 7371 4239 2903 2778 2720 2333
2019 7214 4091 2893 2814 2607 2151
2020 6978 3950 2696 2481 2369 1981
2021 7393 4424 3108 2913 2911 2422
2022 7165 4215 3081 3001 2895 2486
Figure PP11-2: Annual cooling degree days, Slovenia, 1961-2022
Sources:

Slovenian Environment Agency, 2023

Show data
Kredarica[Kday] Rateče[Kday] Murska Sobota[Kday] Novo mesto[Kday] Ljubljana[Kday] Bilje[Kday]
1961 0 0 42 48
1962 0 0 25 22 47
1963 0 0 67 51 72 95
1964 0 0 13 13 38 92
1965 0 0 26 25 46 60
1966 0 0 13 15 26 64
1967 0 0 54 41 71 132
1968 0 5 41 36 53 77
1969 0 0 23 16 43 76
1970 0 0 36 28 70 97
1971 0 2 38 31 64 108
1972 0 0 31 28 37 96
1973 0 0 24 24 27 98
1974 0 0 51 45 63 108
1975 0 0 8 10 17 59
1976 0 1 17 26 31 56
1977 0 0 18 24 23 36
1978 0 0 3 10 9 34
1979 0 0 23 28 32 83
1980 0 0 14 26 36 52
1981 0 0 39 47 41 67
1982 0 0 20 38 55 130
1983 0 10 55 59 77 70
1984 0 3 14 28 26 23
1985 0 0 33 41 64 72
1986 0 1 37 42 63 95
1987 0 0 56 52 59 93
1988 0 0 72 77 107 108
1989 0 0 31 24 34 60
1990 0 0 30 44 58 65
1991 0 2 62 65 87 134
1992 0 6 145 94 123 139
1993 0 2 85 106 103 135
1994 0 7 109 121 145 229
1995 0 3 44 54 83 145
1996 0 0 31 36 47 72
1997 0 0 31 22 35 85
1998 0 5 90 116 153 204
1999 0 0 55 70 81 124
2000 0 1 131 144 129 132
2001 0 0 103 125 143 168
2002 0 10 86 75 91 134
2003 0 15 237 250 267 376
2004 0 3 46 62 83 129
2005 0 4 56 77 90 139
2006 0 19 110 142 159 209
2007 0 6 146 119 137 157
2008 0 3 107 100 128 170
2009 0 6 79 107 143 199
2010 0 17 108 127 144 157
2011 0 8 95 129 157 202
2012 0 14 166 189 218 306
2013 0 28 175 169 205 245
2014 0 1 67 68 80 82
2015 0 28 183 209 238 275
2016 0 4 85 101 138 218
2017 0 1 147 202 218 233
2018 0 13 120 96 174 228
2019 0 27 146 168 211 304
2020 0 5 66 99 121 172
2021 0 9 149 176 207 238
2022 0 12 132 174 279 401
Figure PP11-3: Timeline of change in average annual heating degree days in Slovenia over the 21st century
Sources:

Slovenian Environment Agency, 2020

Note:

The timeline of change in average annual heating degree days in Slovenia over the 21st century for three scenarios relative to the reference period 1981-2010. Bold coloured curves show smoothed model median and lighter colours show model spread. 

Figure PP11-4: Timeline of change in average annual heating degree days in Slovenia over the 21st century
Sources:

Slovenian Environment Agency, 2020

Note:

The timeline of change in average annual cooling degree days in Slovenia over the 21st century for three scenarios relative to the reference period 1981-2010. Bold coloured curves show smoothed model median and lighter colours show model spread. 

Figure PP11-5: Projected change in average annual heating degree days in Slovenia and the associated reliability of change
Sources:

Slovenian Environment Agency, 2020

Figure PP11-6: Projected change in average annual cooling degree days in Slovenia and the associated reliability of change
Sources:

Slovenian Environment Agency, 2020

Figure PP11-7: Projected linear trend in heating and cooling degree days in Europe  over the period 1981-2100
Sources:

EEA,  2019

Note:

These maps show the trend in heating degree days (left) and cooling degree days (right) from 1981-2100 under the RCP4.5 (upper panels) and RCP8.5 (lower panels). Projections are based on the median of an ensemble of 11 EURO-CORDEX simulations.

Methodology

Date of data source summarization
Other sources and literature

  1. Agencija RS za okolje, 2021. Temperaturni primanjkljaj in presežek ter kurilna sezona 1961-2023.
  2. Evropska agencija za okolje, 2021. Heating and cooling degree days.
  3. IPCC, 2014a: Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Part A: Global and Sectoral Aspects. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Field, C.B., V.R. Barros, D.J. Dokken, K.J. Mach, M.D. Mastrandrea, T.E. Bilir, M. Chatterjee, K.L. Ebi, Y.O. Estrada, R.C. Genova, B. Girma, E.S. Kissel, A.N. Levy, S. MacCracken, P.R. Mastrandrea, and L.L. White (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, 1132 pp.
  4. IPCC, 2014c: Europe. Kovats, R.S., R. Valentini, L.M. Bouwer, E. Georgopoulou, D. Jacob, E. Martin, M. Rounsevell, and J.-F. Soussana, 2014: Europe. In: Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Part B: Regional Aspects. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Barros, V.R., C.B. Field, D.J. Dokken, M.D. Mastrandrea, K.J. Mach, T.E. Bilir, M. Chatterjee, K.L. Ebi, Y.O. Estrada, R.C. Genova, B. Girma, E.S. Kissel, A.N. Levy, S. MacCracken, P.R. Mastrandrea, and L.L. White (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, pp. 1267-1326.

Last modified
06.26.2023
Author(s)

Ana Car, Mojca Dolinar, Slovenian Environment Agency