KAZALCI OKOLJA

Key message
Neutral

Concentrations of plant available P are (too)low in the topsoil of extensive orchards, olive groves and pastures, below the optimum in vineyards and grasslands, suitable on fields and elevated in greenhouse soils. K concentrations are low in soil of olive groves, meadows and pastures, whereas the elevated contents are in fields, intensive orchards, and vineyards, and excessive in the greenhouses. The organic matter content is approximately 4% in the field soils, orchards, and greenhouses; in grassland soils the content is higher (5%) and lower in olive groves and vineyards due to the climatic zone and the cultivation methods. The soil organic matter content in the Slovenian agricultural soils is comparable to the values in other countries of similar climatic zones. The soil pH is lower in the intensive orchards and the highest in olive grows, thus appropriately reflecting the natural soil acidity.

The indicator shows the state in the period 2012–2015 and does not reveal a trend direction yet; trends will be more discernible at the next indicator update (after the next 4-year period).


The content of plant nutrients is an indicator that represents the supply of agricultural land in Slovenia with the main plant nutrients, i.e. phosphorus (P) and potassium (K), accompanied by universal indicators such as soil acidity (pH) and soil organic matter content (OMC). The nitrogen content is indicated by the organic matter content. The indicator is a summary of statistical processing of analytical values of parameters measured in soil samples.


Charts

Figure KM26-1: Phosphorus (P) content in topsoils of agricultural land in the period 2012–2015
Sources:

AIS (Central Laboratories, soil analyses), 2012–2015

Show data
Average value - arithmetic mean [mg P2O5/100 g soil] Mean value - median [mg P2O5/100 g soil] Range of measurements [mg P2O5/100 g soil] Number of outliers [mg P2O5/100 g soil]
Extensive orchard 2.40 2.40 242.40 0
Intensive orchard 13.40 11.20 1231.70 0
Arable 30.50 20.90 71311.80 11
Oilive grove 1.74 1.37 103.20 0
Pasture 6.10 4.30 1228.90 2
Greenhouse 58.10 47.80 147179.90 1
Orchard 16.70 14 1696.90 5
Meadow 12.20 5.80 66494.60 10
Vineyard 16.60 7.10 90451.10 7
Figure KM26-2: Potassium (K) content in topsoils of agricultural land in the period 2015–2015
Sources:

AIS (Central Laboratories, soil analyses), 2012 - 2015

Show data
Average value - arithmetic mean [mg K2O/100 g soil] Mean value - median [mg K2O/100 g soil] Range of measurements [mg K2O/100 g soil] Number of outliers [mg K2O/100 g soil]
Extensive orchard 21.90 21.90 21921.90 0
Intensive orchard 27.10 28 12345 0
Arable 29.70 26 30305.60 10
Oilive grove 18.50 18.10 15222.50 0
Pasture 21.80 14.80 7383.30 2
Greenhouse 38.40 35.30 8187.50 0
Orchard 29.50 27.30 8584.60 2
Meadow 22.80 17.60 36225 12
Vineyard 26 23.20 68120 5
Figure KM26-3: Soil organic matter content in topsoil of agricultural land in the period 2012–2015
Sources:

AIS (Central Laboratories, soil analyses) (2012 - 2015)

Show data
Average value - arithmetic mean[OM (%)] Mean value - median[OM (%)] Range of measurements[OM (%)] Number of outliers[OM (%)]
Extensive orchard 0 0 0 0
Intensive orchard 3.90 4.40 194.60 1
Arable 4.70 4.20 1446.10 12
Oilive grove 2 1.97 162.60 0
Pasture 0 0 0 0
Greenhouse 4.30 4.40 286.30 0
Orchard 4 3.70 49 5
Meadow 5.70 5.10 2332.80 8
Vineyard 2.80 2.70 95.10 7
Figure KM26-4: Acidity of the upper soil horizon of agricultural land - Soil pH in the period 2012–2015
Sources:

AIS (Central Laboratories, soil analyses), 2012 - 2015

Show data
Average value - arithmetic mean[pH] Mean value - median[pH] Range of measurements[pH] Number of outliers[pH]
Extensive orchard 7.10 7.10 7.10 0
Intensive orchard 5.90 5.30 417.50 0
Arable 6.20 6.30 378.10 0
Oilive grove 7.70 7.70 757.80 0
Pasture 6.20 6.50 397.90 0
Greenhouse 7 7.50 497.90 0
Orchard 5.70 5.60 398 0
Meadow 5.90 5.90 358.10 0
Vineyard 6.30 6.60 358.10 0

Goals

The goal is the sustainable use and management of agricultural land, which basically includes maintaining soil fertility while producing the necessary amounts of food. With each crop, we also 'take' plant nutrients out of the soil. To prevent nutrient depletion, acidification and thus reduced soil fertility (i.e., soil degradation), nutrients should be returned to the soil by fertilizing in such quantities and in an environmentally sound manner that the soil contains appropriate / optimal amounts as specified in the Guidelines for professionally justified fertilization (Mihelič et al., 2010). However, the optimal and achievable contents may vary.


Methodology

Date of data source summarization
Other sources and literature

Mihelič, R., Čop, J., Jakše, M., Štampar, F., Majer, D., Tojnko, S., Vršič, S., 2010. Smernice za strokovno utemeljeno gnojenje. Republika Slovenija, Ministrstvo za kmetijstvo, gozdarstvo in prehrano, Ljubljana.

Ustava Republike Slovenije (Uradni list RS, št. 42/97).