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[PP10] Extreme precipitation
State

Key message
Bad

Precipitation is highly variable in space and time, even more than temperature, and extreme precipitation events (storms with torrential rain, hail) and drought are of particular concern. In the last two decades, Slovenia  has been observing extreme droughts and abundant precipitation resulting in floods. Drought and floods can occur even within the same year. The maximum snow cover depth and the depth of fresh snow decreased in the period 1950–2022.

Charts

Figure PP10-1: Seasonal maximum snow cover depth (cm) in Slovenia in the period 1950/51-2024/25 (stations with higher amounts of snow)
Sources:

Slovenian Environment Agency, 2025 (04/08/2025)

Show data
Kredarica[cm] Ratece[cm] Murska Sobota[cm] Novo mesto[cm] Ljubljana[cm] Portorož[cm]
1951 557 216 15 17 30 0
1952 974 238 59 55 146 0
1953 548 104 10 44 30 0
1954 342 61 25 42 31 0
1955 422 99 61 84 76 8
1956 402 49 38 45 25 0
1957 316 56 21 49 23 0
1958 489 127 26 39 54 9
1959 437 16 8 36 14 0
1960 595 121 22 34 30 1
1961 429 81 10 12 41 0
1962 561 53 12 22 14 0
1963 509 124 53 59 54 10
1964 365 40 33 52 30 5
1965 654 177 23 30 42 1
1966 452 72 23 33 22 9
1967 582 109 23 57 37 3
1968 606 100 14 32 49 4
1969 656 179 50 103 95 6
1970 753 165 46 40 45 1
1971 500 106 23 51 53 8
1972 411 99 28 35 49 2
1973 405 117 17 37 16 0
1974 360 84 3 20 12 0
1975 560 134 3 7 14 0
1976 284 111 31 52 69 5
1977 690 103 19 19 32 2
1978 587 188 16 28 35 0
1979 630 101 23 19 25 2
1980 420 105 31 28 23 0
1981 280 97 20 40 31 1
1982 350 117 38 19 29 5
1983 390 81 42 50 67 0
1984 500 172 25 54 47 2
1985 495 89 24 45 55 6
1986 490 112 61 50 46 5
1987 405 113 44 43 89 9
1988 425 45 8 20 13 0
1989 220 20 12 18 15 0
1990 255 44 10 4 3 0
1991 440 103 20 22 21 0
1992 380 31 4 30 20 0
1993 220 28 5 33 1 0
1994 370 68 35 40 18 0
1995 380 62 30 62 32 0
1996 325 98 33 44 35 3
1997 250 58 27 52 39 0
1998 315 50 7 6 7 0
1999 385 119 31 65 56 0
2000 310 50 30 50 30 0
2001 700 34 8 16 9 0
2002 195 38 21 19 21 0
2003 240 45 27 52 26 3
2004 465 125 18 42 41 0
2005 240 71 25 33 25 7
2006 495 124 46 37 40 0
2007 300 82 9 28 19 0
2008 435 38 8 13 3 0
2009 560 163 7 24 23 0
2010 450 70 22 48 48 8
2011 400 79 27 50 35 4
2012 240 28 14 37 5 0
2013 475 115 40 65 53 11
2014 560 120 14 30 20 0
2015 245 40 9 49 28 0
2016 435 68 9 27 17 0
2017 315 30 7 19 15 0
2018 560 85 17 51 27 0
2019 320 46 6 10 9 0
2020 385 23 1 9 6 0
2021 520 135 8 14 17 0
2022 245 86 10 12 20 0
2023 445 87 2 43 15 0
2024 385 36 10 23 25 0
2025 320 21 3 6 4 0
Figure PP10-2: Seasonal maximum snow cover depth (cm) in Slovenia in the period 1950/51-2024/25 (stations with lower amounts of snow)
Sources:

Slovenian Environment Agency, 2025 (04/08/2025)

Show data
Kredarica[cm] Ratece[cm] Murska Sobota[cm] Novo mesto[cm] Ljubljana[cm] Portorož[cm]
1951 557 216 15 17 30 0
1952 974 238 59 55 146 0
1953 548 104 10 44 30 0
1954 342 61 25 42 31 0
1955 422 99 61 84 76 8
1956 402 49 38 45 25 0
1957 316 56 21 49 23 0
1958 489 127 26 39 54 9
1959 437 16 8 36 14 0
1960 595 121 22 34 30 1
1961 429 81 10 12 41 0
1962 561 53 12 22 14 0
1963 509 124 53 59 54 10
1964 365 40 33 52 30 5
1965 654 177 23 30 42 1
1966 452 72 23 33 22 9
1967 582 109 23 57 37 3
1968 606 100 14 32 49 4
1969 656 179 50 103 95 6
1970 753 165 46 40 45 1
1971 500 106 23 51 53 8
1972 411 99 28 35 49 2
1973 405 117 17 37 16 0
1974 360 84 3 20 12 0
1975 560 134 3 7 14 0
1976 284 111 31 52 69 5
1977 690 103 19 19 32 2
1978 587 188 16 28 35 0
1979 630 101 23 19 25 2
1980 420 105 31 28 23 0
1981 280 97 20 40 31 1
1982 350 117 38 19 29 5
1983 390 81 42 50 67 0
1984 500 172 25 54 47 2
1985 495 89 24 45 55 6
1986 490 112 61 50 46 5
1987 405 113 44 43 89 9
1988 425 45 8 20 13 0
1989 220 20 12 18 15 0
1990 255 44 10 4 3 0
1991 440 103 20 22 21 0
1992 380 31 4 30 20 0
1993 220 28 5 33 1 0
1994 370 68 35 40 18 0
1995 380 62 30 62 32 0
1996 325 98 33 44 35 3
1997 250 58 27 52 39 0
1998 315 50 7 6 7 0
1999 385 119 31 65 56 0
2000 310 50 30 50 30 0
2001 700 34 8 16 9 0
2002 195 38 21 19 21 0
2003 240 45 27 52 26 3
2004 465 125 18 42 41 0
2005 240 71 25 33 25 7
2006 495 124 46 37 40 0
2007 300 82 9 28 19 0
2008 435 38 8 13 3 0
2009 560 163 7 24 23 0
2010 450 70 22 48 48 8
2011 400 79 27 50 35 4
2012 240 28 14 37 5 0
2013 475 115 40 65 53 11
2014 560 120 14 30 20 0
2015 245 40 9 49 28 0
2016 435 68 9 27 17 0
2017 315 30 7 19 15 0
2018 560 85 17 51 27 0
2019 320 46 6 10 9 0
2020 385 23 1 9 6 0
2021 520 135 8 14 17 0
2022 245 86 10 12 20 0
2023 445 87 2 43 15 0
2024 385 36 10 23 25 0
2025 320 21 3 6 4 0
Figure PP10-3: Trends in seasonal maximum snow cover depth (cm) and in depth of fresh snow in Slovenia in the period 1950/51–2021/22
Sources:

Slovenian Environment Agency, 2025 (05/09/2025)

Show data
Figure PP10-4: Trends in maximum daily precipitation in Slovenia, 1950–2022
Sources:

Slovenian Environment Agency, 2025 (05/09/2025)

Show data
Figure PP10-5: Timeline of change in snow water equivalent at two altitudes in Slovenia over the 21st century
Sources:

Slovenian Environment Agency (internal report), 2019 (17/02/2021)

Show data
Figure PP10-6: Projected trends in maximum daily precipitation in Slovenia for the period 1981-2100
Sources:

Slovenian Environment Agency, 2018 (17/02/2021)

Note:

Black dots indicate cells with a reliable trend, red dots cells with an unreliable trend. The trend is not significant in other cells (detected changes are smaller than the natural variability).

Show data
Figure PP10-7: Projected changes in annual snowfall days in Europe
Sources:

European Environment Agency, 2024 (20/09/2024)

Note:

The figure shows projected changes in the number of days with snow between the periods 1971-2000 and 2041-2070. Left figure shows snowfall over 1cm, the right snowfall over 10 cm. In Slovenia, it is expected to reduce the number of days with snow at least 1 cm from 1 to 5 days and sometimes up to 10 days. For heavier snowfall over 10 cm per day, for the most part of the country is not expected to change significantly.

Show data
Figure PP10-8: Projected changes in heavy precipitation in winter and summer in Europe 
Sources:

European Environment Agency, 2024 (20/09/2024)

Note:

The figure show change in heavy rainfall (in percent) between the periods 1971-2000 and 2071-2100 in the adverse scenario of rising greenhouse gases. On the left are the changes in the winter period and on the right changes in the summer period. In summer, figure shows a small increase in the northeast of Slovenia and in winter significant increase throughout the country.

Show data

Methodology

Other sources and literature

  1. Agencija RS za okolje, Naše okolje, mesečni bilten ARSO.
  2. Agencija RS za okolje, Izredni dogodki (19.6.2023).
  3. Evropska agencija za okolje, Indikatorji, Snow cover (CLIM 008)(10. 3. 2016).
  4. Evropska agencija za okolje, Indikatorji, Precipitation extremes (CLIM 004).
  5. Svetovna meteorološka organizacija, 2021. WMO Statement on the State of the Global Climate in 2020.
  6. Zakon o državni meteorološki, hidrološki, oceanografski in seizmološki službi (ZDMHS) (Uradni list RS, št. 60/17)
  7. Agencija RS za okolje, 2018. Ocena podnebnih sprememb v Sloveniji do konca 21. stoletja. Ljubljana, november 2018.
  8. Uprava za zaščito in reševanje, SPIN (12. 8. 2025).

Last modified
29.10.2025
Author(s)

Tanja Cegnar and Živa Vlahović, Slovenian Environment Agency