The analysis of soil fertility with plant-available phosphorus (P₂O₅) and potassium (K₂O) shows substantial differences among land-use types. On arable land, phosphorus supply is insufficient in 39% of samples, adequate in 34%, and excessive in 27%. In permanent crops, P₂O₅ levels are evenly distributed across all fertility classes, reflecting diverse management and fertilization practices. The most pronounced phosphorus deficiency is observed in permanent grasslands, where as much as 78% of soils have insufficient phosphorus content.

In Slovenia, we cultivate slightly more than 8 acres (0.08 hectares) of arable land per capita, which more than third of the average in the European Union (EU), which is 22 acres of arable land per capita (data for year 2023). This area did not change significantly between 2000 and 2023, which indicates that Slovenia maintains its production potential.

The value of agricultural output in Slovenia fluctuates in the period 1995–2024, which can be a consequence of fluctuation of changes in prices of agricultural products, changes in the volume of agricultural production or combination of both. In the recent period, the key factors have been large fluctuations in the physical volume (and consequently the value) of agricultural production, especially in crop production. In recent years, there have been intense fluctuations in crop prices and prices of agricultural inputs.

Slovenia is a net importer of food, as domestic production does not cover the total domestic needs (especially for vegetables, fruit, potatoes and pig meat). The long-term trend indicates that the self-sufficiency rate is higher and more stable for animal products (milk, eggs, beef and poultry meat), except for pig meat and honey, where the self-sufficiency rate is noticeably decreasing. In the analysed period, surpluses occurred only in the domestic production of milk, beef, poultry meat, in some years in eggs and honey, and in recent years in the production of grain maize.

In Slovenia, the majority of food is estimated to be imported. Before 2004, less than half of all available food came from abroad, but both food imports and exports increased significantly after Slovenia’s accession to the EU. The share of imported food has since continued to grow, and after 2020, less than one-fifth of the available food was of domestic origin. Most of the food Slovenia imports comes from European Union Member States, with about 60% originating from neighbouring countries (Austria, Croatia, Italy, and Hungary).

In Slovenia, the market prices follow the trends at the key agricultural markets, globally or regionally important. Market prices of grain are following the trend and the level of EU average, prices of beef are below EU average while the market prices of poultry meat, pig meat and eggs are above the EU average. Slovenia stands out with its market prices of milk, which are among the lowest in the EU.

Slovenia is a net importer of food, as imports exceed exports in terms of value. After accession to the European Union, both trade flows began to increase significantly. Imports increased more intensely, mainly due to processed products, while exports increased due to unprocessed agricultural products. In the past decade, however, the growth of food and beverages exports has been more intensive than that of imports, resulting in improved import coverage, which averaged 65% in the period 2020–2024.

Changes in the size structure show that concentration processes are continuing regarding the extent of the agricultural land, while in the area of the livestock production these processes have slowed down. Nevertheless, due to its small size on average, the competitiveness of Slovenian farms is low compared to the EU–27 countries.

Soil erosion is a natural geomorphic process of soil particle detachment and transport. Due to human activities, it can be significantly accelerated, reaching levels much higher than in natural conditions. Erosion (water, wind, and tillage erosion) remains the most significant threat to soils in many regions of the world. Measuring erosion is typically done under controlled conditions on standardized test plots, which is a time-consuming, costly, and organizationally demanding process. Therefore, erosion risks and intensities are often assessed using computational models.

Overall, the data confirm a clear distribution of carbon stocks by land use: organic/peat-influenced soils and uses with permanent vegetation cover (peatland meadows, permanent grasslands, tree- and shrub-dominated vegetation) reach the highest stocks (approximately 105–190 t/ha, with peatlands at the top). These are followed by extensive orchards (around 100 t/ha), while intensive orchards and vineyards remain in the lower range (approximately 59–94 t/ha). Arable land falls within the medium range, but shows signs of an increase after 2020 (113.3 t/ha).