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[ZD18] Mortality due to respiratory diseases
Impacts

Key message
Neutral

One of the main reasons of mortality due to respiratory diseases is chronic pulmonary disease (COPD). The highest mortality rate due to respiratory diseases in Slovenia is in Zasavje and Pomurje regions and the lowest in Central-Slovenian region (2011–2017). Mortality due to respiratory diseases is decreasing; in the period 1999 to 2017 it decreased by 16.2% from 74/100.000 inhabitants to 62/100.000  inhabitants.

This indicator shows mortality due to respiratory diseases, which is subject to various risk factors, including polluted indoor or outdoor air. However, identification of links is not simple. Nutrition, lifestyle and other environmental and social factors can be important. Mortality due to respiratory diseases is an indicator enabling indirect assessment of exposure to adverse environmental health factors.

Charts

Figure ZD18-1: Mortality rate (number of deaths/100.000 residents) due to respiratory diseases, Slovenia, 1999–2017
Sources:

National Institute of Public health, 2000–2017; Statistical office of the Republic of Slovenia, 2000–2017

Show data
Eastern Slovenia[number of deaths/100.000 residents] West Slovenia[number of deaths/100.000 residents] Slovenia[number of deaths/100.000 residents]
1999 88.70 66.60 78.60
2000 77.50 69.60 73.90
2001 69 65 67.20
2002 74.50 65.80 70.50
2003 84.80 71.40 78.60
2004 80.10 64.90 73.11
2005 75.30 63.50 69.91
2006 64.20 58.50 61.60
2007 54.80 49.60 52.40
2008 59.70 52.30 56.20
2009 70.41 59.86 61.84
2010 69.86 53.29 54.61
2011 68.44 52.60 58.32
2012 75.64 65.49 67.40
2013 76.97 59.65 64.83
2014 68.68 50.19 55.88
2015 68.85 59.39 63.30
2016 69.22 55.64 61.33
2017 69.40 53.61 61.90
Figure ZD18-2: Mortality rate (number of deaths/100.000) due to respiratory diseases, Slovenia, by statistical regions, 2008 to 2012, 2013 to 2017
Sources:

National Institute of Public health, 2000–2017

Show data
Gorenjska [number of deaths/100.000 residents] Goriška [number of deaths/100.000 residents] Jugovzhodna Slovenija [number of deaths/100.000 residents] Koroška [number of deaths/100.000 residents] Primorsko-notranjska [number of deaths/100.000 residents] Obalno-kraška [number of deaths/100.000 residents] Osrednjeslovenska [number of deaths/100.000 residents] Podravska [number of deaths/100.000 residents] Pomurska [number of deaths/100.000 residents] Savinjska [number of deaths/100.000 residents] Posavska [number of deaths/100.000 residents] Zasavska [number of deaths/100.000 residents] Slovenia [number of deaths/100.000 residents]
average 2008-2012 52.89 63.53 62.86 64.77 87.78 69.19 46.84 55.74 73.80 72.95 50.79 85.74 59.67
average 2013-2017 51.22 66.91 60.79 67.37 73.01 64.88 45.09 66.16 83.05 79.61 55.43 77.33 61.47
Figure ZD18-3: Mortality rate due to respiratory diseases, European countries, 2013 and 2014
Sources:

EUROSTAT, 2017

Show data
Mortality rate 2013 2014
EU 82.50 78.30
Belgium 109.18 95.70
Bolgaria 53.76 58.10
Czech Republic 81.96 73.40
Denmark 127.54 115.70
Germany 76.82 68
Estonia 42.59 43.80
Ireland 131.27 125.90
Greece 95.71 108.10
Spain 91.74 91.70
France 56.45 52
Croatia 57.80 59.70
Italy 60.29 58.30
Ciprus 84.32 86.20
Latvia 43.07 35.90
Lithuania 51.97 42.10
Luxembourg 72.84 63.80
Hungry 81.32 78.60
Malta 113.66 96.60
Netherlands 90.11 74.10
Austria 50.53 46.60
Poland 79.80 69.10
Portugal 123.70 116.70
Romania 75.65 78.40
Slovenia 80.41 66.30
Slovakia 86.05 74.90
Finland 36.45 34.40
Sweden 64.24 58.10
United Kingdom 144.21 130.90
Figure ZD18-4: Expected changes in overall mortality rate and life extension for adults aged 30, selected municipalitied, Slovenia, 2012
Sources:

Slovenian Environment Agency, 2015

Show data
Number of deaths [number of deaths] Total mortality - existing pollution [] Reduction of total mortality (%) if PM2,5 pollution was lower than 5 µg/m3 [proportion] Life extension (in years) if PM2,5 pollution was lower than 5 µg/m3 [years] Reduction of total mortality (%) if PM2,5 pollution was lower than 10 µg/m3 [proportion] Life extension (in years) if PM2,5 pollution was lower than 10 µg/m3 [years]
Celje 440 12.90 3 0.30 6.60 0.80
Kranj 415 11.20 2.90 0.30 4.60 0.60
Ljubljana 2255 11.90 2.90 0.40 4.70 0.60
Maribor 1227 15.60 2.90 0.30 5.90 0.70
Murska Sobota 217 15.60 2.80 0.30 5.50 0.60
Nova Gorica 337 14.80 3 0.30 4.20 0.50
Novo mesto 320 13.40 2.80 0.30 5.60 0.60
Hrastnik 102 14.60 12.90 0.40 3.90 0.50
Trbovlje 183 15.10 2.70 0.30 7.10 0.80
Zagorje 190 16.50 2.60 0.30 6.80 0.90
Koper 399 12.50 2.80 0.30 3.80 0.30
Velenje 245 11.90 2.90 0.20 3.30 0.20

Goals

  • Measures to promote efficient energy use and renewable energy sources in heating of buildings (district heating and gas supply; measures in the field of household heating devices; local energy concepts; provision of information and encouragement of the reduction of heat loss in buildings; accurate register of small combustion installations).
  • Measures in the field of transport (Implementation of transport policies in cities – more walking and cycling, increased use of public transport, restrictions on the use of cars; traffic management on state roads and in city areas; measures to reduce pollution from vehicles used in public passenger transport, public utility services and city administration by introducing cleaner vehicles; promotion of electric mobility; measures to reduce from roads).
  • Measures in other fields (introduction of environmental management systems; reduction of fugitive emissions; reduction of dust from landfills, construction sites and road surfaces of corporate entities; expanding green areas in cities; setting up an air quality website; education/raising awareness about air quality).

Methodology

Date of data source summarization
Other sources and literature

  1. ARSO - Agencija RS za okolje (2015). Kakovost zraka v Sloveniji v letu 2014. Ljubljana, ARSO. Dostopno na: http://www.arso.gov.si/zrak/kakovost%20zraka/poro%C4%8Dila%20in%20publikacije/porocilo_2014.pdf
  2. Clinch JP, Healy JD (2000). Housing standards and excess winter mortality. J Epidemiol Community Health 2000; 54:719-720.
  3. Council Directive 1999/30/EC of 22 April 1999 relating to limit values for sulphur dioxide, nitrogen and oxides of nitrogen, particulate matter and lead in ambient air. Available at http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/SL/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:31999L0030…. (accessed 7. Oct. 2016).
  4. Directives 2008/50/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21 May 2008 on ambient air quality and cleaner air for Europe. Official Journal of the European Union, Vol. 51, 11 June 2008. Dostopno na: http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/SL/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32008L0050&from=EN.
  5. EUROSTAT (2017). Causes of death statistics. Dostopno na: http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php/Causes_of_death_statistics
  6. Hajat S, Armstrong B, Wilkinson P, Busby A, Dolk H (2007). Outdoor air pollution and infant mortality: analysis of daily time-series data in Ten English Cities. J Epidemiol Community Health 61:719- 22.
  7. Hawker JI, Olowokure B, Sufi F, Weinberg J, Gill N, Wilson RC (2003). Social deprivation and hospital admission for respiratory infection: an ecological study. Respiratory Medicine 97 (11): 1219-1224.
  8. Healy JD (2002). Excess winter mortality in Europe: a cross country analysis identifying key risk factors. J Epidemiol Community Health 2003;57:784-789.
  9. NIJZ - Nacionalni inštitut za javno zdravje (2000-2017). Zdravniško poročilo o umrli osebi. Ljubljana, NIJZ.
  10. NIEHS - National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (2007). Air pollution and Respiratory diseases.
  11. SURS - Statistični urad Republike Slovenije (2000-2017). Prebivalstvo po statističnih regijah. Ljubljana, 2000-2017.
  12. Stewart L, Saunders P, Kemm J (2008). Children‘s Environment and Health Action Plan (CEHAP): Pilot Environmental Health Indicators ToolkitConsultation Document
  13. United Nations Regional Information Centre for Western Europe (2010). Twenty years of environmental and health in Europe: trends and gaps. Dostopno na: http://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0013/103513/544E_FS-ParmaOpening.pdf?ua=1.
  14. Vlada RS (2009). Operativni program varstva zunanjega zraka pred onesnaževanjem s PM10 (Vlada RS; EVA2009-2511-0021), z dne 3. 11. 2009.  Dostopno na: http://www.mop.gov.si/fileadmin/mop.gov.si/pageuploads/zakonodaja/varstvo_okolja/operativni_programi/op_onesnazevanje_pm10.pdf.
  15. WHO – World Health Organization (2006). Air quality guidelines. Global update 2005. Particulate matter, ozone, nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide. Dostopno na: http://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0005/78638/E90038.pdf.
  16. Zakon o zbirkah podatkov s področja zdravstvenega varstva. Uradni list RS, št. 65/00, 47/15 in 31/18. 

Last modified
24.10.2018
Author(s)

Simona Perčič, Peter Otorepec, Katarina Bitenc, Institute of Public Health