The estimated average long-term intakes of metals (lead, cadmium and mercury) into the human body through food in the adult population of Slovenia do not exceed the reference points (BMDL) or health-based guideline values (tolerable daily/weekly intakes), and in children lead and cadmium on average, similarly to the EU, may be exceeded.

Due to high levels of lead in the environment, area of Upper Meža Valley was proclaimed as a brownfield site in 2007 and received special remediation with the aim to protect human health, especially children. The data show that the burden of children with lead improved in the first years of the program, which was not the case after 2010. Prevalence study of blood lead burden of children from Meža Valley conducted in 2018 showed higher values of blood lead, than study conducted in 2013. In the period 2019 to 2021, the measured values were again lower and close to the goal value.

Foodborne diseases remain an important public health challenge and they are an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. During 2014–2019 Slovenia reported 528 different outbreaks. The most common were the outbreaks with contact transmission where Norovirus was the most common identified agent (201 outbreaks), followed by respiratory disease outbreaks (147) and foodborne disease outbreaks (20). The multi-regional outbreak of monofasic S. Typhimurium was notified in 2019. The outbreak was not linked to any known sources.